ATTACHMENT, CHEMOTAXIS, AND MULTIPLICATION OF AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS BIOVAR-1 AND BIOVAR-3 ON GRAPEVINE AND PEA

Tumorigenic (CG49) and nontumorigenic (CG484) strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bv. 3 attached to grape roots at a higher level than did a nonpectinolytic mutant of CG49 (CG50) or a tumorigenic strain of A. tumefaciens bv. 1 (CG628). Strains attached equally well to wounded and unwounded grape roots. Strains responded differently to pea plants in that biovar 3 strains consistently attached to unwounded roots at a lower level than they did to wounded roots, whereas CG628 attached equally well regardless of wounding. The lowest levels of attachment to pea roots were consistently observed for CG50. Population curves were calculated for the strains inoculated into wound sites on grape and pea roots. A. tumefaciens bv. 3 wild-type strains developed greater populations at wound sites on grape roots after 100 h (resulting in root decay) than did CG50 or CG628. Population curves for strains at wound sites on pea roots were different from those on grape roots. There were no significant differences in populations after 100 h, and no strains caused root decay. No differences in the chemotaxis of wild-type and mutant A. tumefaciens bv. 3 strains towards grape roots, crown pieces, or root extracts were observed, but the biovar 1 strain, CG628, always migrated the greatest distance towards all substrates. Polygalacturonase production may affect attachment to grape roots and multiplication of A. tumefaciens bv. 3 at wound sites and thus be associated with the specificity of the bacterium for grape.