OXALATE PRODUCTION BY BASIDIOMYCETES, INCLUDING THE WHITE-ROT SPECIES CORIOLUS-VERSICOLOR AND PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM

Oxalate was found to accumulate in liquid culture media from the growth of the white-rot basidiomycetes Coriolus versicolor, Heterobasidion annosum, Pleurotus florida and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Whereas little oxalate accumulated during active growth, millimolar concentrations of oxalate were detected in culture media during the stationary phase. The basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom, also accumulated oxalate in its culture medium in the stationary phase. In comparison, the brown-rot fungi Amyloporia xantha, Coniophora marmorata, C. puteana and Poria vaporaria accumulated oxalate in the primary metabolic phase and throughout growth up to 35 days. Oxalate accumulation (0.04-10.0 mM) in white-rot cultures did not lower the pH of the medium during growth, whereas in brown-rot cultures oxalate (2.0-20.0 mM) reduced the media pH during growth. Cultures of Agaricus bisporus, C. puteana and Coriolus versicolor grown on solid media containing high levels of calcium (50 or 100 mM calcium chloride) produced calcium oxalate crystals to varying extents on the surface of the hyphae.