OBSERVATIONS ON STATIC AND CYCLIC SAND-LIQUEFACTION METHODOLOGIES

The paper focuses on a review of elements of the liquefaction of sand. Consideration is given to both the static and cyclic approach, and the bases for many of the divergent opinions that currently exist are given. The objective of the paper is to state the arguments and to explore common ground. By considering the inconsistencies that currently exist it is hoped that future work will address issues raised. The real difficulties associated with measurement of the parameters necessary for existing design approaches are highlighted. Because of these difficulties, it is prudent to consider several methods when evaluating liquefaction potential, and practising engineers must often rely on traditional approaches. The state of practice would be improved more by research to address these difficulties than by the development of more elaborate methods of analysis, which are often not justified by the level of precision associated with input parameter measurements.