PROVIRUS COPY NUMBER TO PREDICT DISEASE PROGRESSION IN ASYMPTOMATIC HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION

To evaluate the prognostic value of provirus copy number through quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in early stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, 42 untreated and asymptomatic HIV-1-seropositive subjects with baseline CD4(+) cell counts > 200 x 10(6)/L were included in a prospective study and followed over a median of 27 months. Disease progression was defined as decrease in CD4(+) cells to < 200 (14 events). At enrollment, provirus copy number was associated with CD4(+) cell count and percentage, serum IgA, and p24 antigenemia. Elevated provirus copy number above 20 allowed identification of patients at high risk of a subsequently decreasing CD4(+) cell count, even after adjusting for baseline CD4(+) cell count (P = .003). Measuring provirus copy number by PCR at early stages of HIV-1 infection could offer a useful early means to predict progression to AIDS.