FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE YAK PULMONARY CIRCULATION TO RESIDENCE AT HIGH-ALTITUDE

被引:87
作者
DURMOWICZ, AG
HOFMEISTER, S
KADYRALIEV, TK
ALDASHEV, AA
STENMARK, KR
机构
[1] UNIV COLORADO, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, DENVER, CO 80262 USA
[2] CHILDRENS HOSP, DENVER, CO 80262 USA
[3] KYRGHYZ CARDIOL INST, BISHKEK 720361, KYRGYZSTAN
关键词
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; BOS-GRUNNIENS; VASCULAR REACTIVITY; VASODILATORS;
D O I
10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2276
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
The high-altitude (HA) native yak (Bos grunniens) has successfully adapted to chronic hypoxia (CH) despite being in the same genus as domestic cows, which are known for their great hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses (HPVRs), muscular pulmonary arteries, and development of severe pulmonary hypertension on exposure to CH. To determine possible mechanisms by which the pulmonary circulation may adapt to CH, yak pulmonary vascular reactivity to both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli and yak pulmonary artery structure were assessed. Hypoxia caused a small but significant HPVR, and norepinephrine infusion caused a greater rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) than did hypoxia. Acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, had no effect on Ppa but lowered pulmonary resistance (Rp) by causing an increase in cardiac output. Sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator, decreased both Ppa and Rp significantly. Yak small pulmonary arteries had a 4.1 +/-0.1% medial thickness, with vessels less-than-or-equal-to 100 mum devoid of smooth muscle. Yak pulmonary artery endothelial cells were much longer, wider, and rounder in appearance than those of domestic cows. Thus the yak has successfully adapted to HA conditions by maintaining both a blunted HPVR and thin-walled pulmonary vessels. Differences in both endothelial cell morphology and response to acetylcholine between the yak and those reported in the domestic cow suggest the adaptation to HA may include changes not only in the amount of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle but in endothelial cell function and structure as well.
引用
收藏
页码:2276 / 2285
页数:10
相关论文
共 25 条
[1]  
ALEXANDER A. F., 1962, MED THORACALIS, V19, P528
[2]  
ALEXANDER AF, 1960, AM J VET RES, V21, P199
[3]   PULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS OF THE YAK, CATTLE, AND CROSS BREEDS AT HIGH-ALTITUDE [J].
ANAND, IS ;
HARRIS, E ;
FERRARI, R ;
PEARCE, P ;
HARRIS, P .
THORAX, 1986, 41 (09) :696-700
[4]  
CRUZ JC, 1980, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V164, P142, DOI 10.3181/00379727-164-40837
[5]   LATE PLIOCENE ARTIFACTS FROM NORTHERN PAKISTAN [J].
DENNELL, RW ;
RENDELL, HM ;
HAILWOOD, E .
CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY, 1988, 29 (03) :495-498
[6]   PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION IN STEERS AT HIGH ALTITUDE [J].
GROVER, RF ;
BLOUNT, SG ;
WILL, DH ;
REEVES, JT .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 1963, 18 (03) :567-&
[7]   EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA ON VENTILATION AND CARDIAC OUTPUT [J].
GROVER, RF .
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1965, 121 (A3) :662-&
[8]   MINIMAL HYPOXIC PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION IN NORMAL TIBETANS AT 3,658-M [J].
GROVES, BM ;
DROMA, T ;
SUTTON, JR ;
MCCULLOUGH, RG ;
MCCULLOUGH, RE ;
ZHUANG, JG ;
RAPMUND, G ;
SUN, SF ;
JANES, C ;
MOORE, LG .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 1993, 74 (01) :312-318
[9]   LACK OF SMOOTH-MUSCLE IN THE SMALL PULMONARY-ARTERIES OF THE NATIVE LADAKHI - IS THE HIMALAYAN HIGHLANDER ADAPTED [J].
GUPTA, ML ;
RAO, KS ;
ANAND, IS ;
BANERJEE, AK ;
BOPARAI, MS .
AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE, 1992, 145 (05) :1201-1204
[10]   THE PULMONARY-ARTERIES OF THE YAK [J].
HEATH, D ;
WILLIAMS, D ;
DICKINSON, J .
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, 1984, 18 (03) :133-139