EFFECT OF GLUCOSE LYSINE MAILLARD REACTION-PRODUCTS ON BACTERIAL AND MAMMALIAN-CELL MUTAGENESIS

A glucose-lysine (gluc-lys) browning reaction mixture and its fractionated components were examined for mutagenic (Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and TA-98) and clastogenic (chromosome aberration) activities, both in the presence and in the absence of a liver S-9 mix. Mutagenic activity was observed with the gluc-lys Maillard reaction products (MRP) in both TA-98 and TA-100 test strains without S-9 pretreatment but was reduced in TA-100 and eliminated totally in TA-98 with added S-9. Considerable variation in active dose ratios for both intact and nonvolatile neutral and basic fractions of MRP and melanoidin fractions was found with different short-term tests used to estimate genotoxicity. Clastogenic responses were observed in both MRP reactant intermediates and high molecular weight melanoidins without S-9 and were reduced in all fractions with S-9 pretreatment.