MINIMIZING SAMPLE EVAPORATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE

被引:113
作者
CAMERON, RE
DONALD, AM
机构
[1] Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Madingley Road
来源
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD | 1994年 / 173卷
关键词
ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ESEM; EVAPORATION; CONDENSATION; PUMPDOWN PROCEDURE;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2818.1994.tb03445.x
中图分类号
TH742 [显微镜];
学科分类号
摘要
The ElectroScan environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) enables wet samples to be observed by eliminating air but allowing water vapour into the sample chamber. However, evaporation from, and condensation on, the sample may occur during the pumpdown sequence used to reach this state, which means that the sample may not be in its natural state when viewed if due care is not taken. In this paper, the pumping system of the ESEM is described mathematically and expressions are derived for the evaporation and condensation. This treatment is then used to calculate the optimum pumpdown sequence. The importance of using the optimized procedure is illustrated by micrographs of fat emulsions.
引用
收藏
页码:227 / 237
页数:11
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