Spirulina Reverses Histomorphological Changes in Diabetic Osteoporosis in Pioglitazone Treated Rats

Aim: The study was undertaken to assess the protective effect of Spirulina fusiform on risk fracture of bone in insulin resistance rat model and pharmacodynamics effects of Pioglitazone with Spirulina in treating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidaemia of insulin resistance rat. Method: For this aim, 30 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into five groups as control (NC), diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes mellitus + Pioglitazone (DM+P), diabetes mellitus + Spirulina (DM+S), and diabetes mellitus + Pioglitazone + Spirulina (DM+P+S). Serum glucose, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL and insulin concentrations were estimated by standard methods in blood samples collected on 21st day. Morphological changes in pancreas and microarchitectual structure in femur bone were observed by histopathology studies. Results: A significant decrease in bone thickness was observed in Diabetes Mellitus rats group (p < 0.001) when compared to DM+P+S. In Pioglitazone with Spirulina treated group, the results demonstrated that the trabeculae bone thickness restored to original position and showed better restoration of beta cell in comparison to Spirulina treated and Pioglitazone treated group. The intactness and integrity of the bone surface as well as the bone strength also improved. Besides, chromium and gamma-linoleic acid in Spirulina helped to decrease the fasting serum glucose, HDL, LDL and triglycerides levels in insulin resistance rats. Conclusion: These findings suggest that combination therapy of Pioglitazone with Spirulina reduced the risk of fracture in insulin resistance rats. Additionally, Spirulina complemented the anti hyperglycemic and anti lipidemic activity of Pioglitazone.