SYSTOLIC-TIME INTERVALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES FOR EVALUATION OF CARDIAC-FUNCTION

Systolic time intervals provide a noninvasive indication of global left ventricular performance, are relatively sensitive, and are easily obtained from an M-mode echocardiogram. This paper defines systolic time intervals (preejection period, left ventricular ejection time, and total electromechanical systole) and their derivatives (preejection period/left ventricular ejection time and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening). Their utility and weaknesses, as well as the effects of heart rate, loading conditions, cardiac contractility, and drug therapies on systolic time intervals are discussed. Normal values for systolic time intervals for the dog and cat are provided.