Synthesis of theaflavin from epicatechin and epigallocatechin by plant homogenates and role of epicatechin quinone in the synthesis and degradation of theaflavin

Oxidation products of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin by treatment with homogenates of 62 plants belonging to 49 families were compared, Forty-six plants were capable of synthesizing theaflavin, a black tea pigment, regardless of whether they contained catechins. Loquat, Japanese pear, and blueberry had activities higher than that of fresh tea leaves after 5 h of treatment; furthermore, these plants oxidized theaflavin to theanaphthoquinone. An additional new metabolite, dehydrotheasinensin, was generated on treatment with fresh tea leaves, eggplant, and unripened Japanese orange. Evidence for the oxidation of epigallocatechin and theaflavin by electron transfer to epicatechin quinone was demonstrated in a time course study using bananas and trapping the quinone intermediates as glutathione conjugates.