Molecular mechanism of class switch recombination: Linkage with somatic hypermutation

被引:474
作者
Honjo, T [1 ]
Kinoshita, K [1 ]
Muramatsu, M [1 ]
机构
[1] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
关键词
AID; RNA editing; transcription; stem-loop structure; nick endonuclease;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.090501.112049
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) have been considered to be mediated by different molecular mechanisms because both target DNAs and DNA modification products are quite distinct. However, involvement of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in both CSR and SHM has revealed that the two genetic alteration mechanisms are surprisingly similar. Accumulating data led us to propose the following scenario: AID is likely to be an RNA editing enzyme that modifies an unknown pre-mRNA to generate mRNA encoding a nicking endonuclease specific to the stem-loop structure. Transcription of the S and V regions, which contain palindromic sequences, leads to transient denaturation, forming the stem-loop structure that is cleaved by the AID-regulated endonuclease. Cleaved single-strand tails will be processed by error-prone DNA polymerase-mediated gap-filling or exonuclease-mediated resection. Mismatched bases will be corrected or fixed by mismatch repair enzymes. CSR ends are then ligated by the NHEJ system while SHM nicks are repaired by another ligation system.
引用
收藏
页码:165 / 196
页数:34
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