Hybrid integration of smart pixels by using polyimide bonding: Demonstration of a GaAs p-i-n photodiode/CMOS receiver

The fabrication procedure of smart pixels based on a hybrid integration of compound semiconductor photonic devices with silicon CMOS circuits is described. According to the 0,8-mu m design rule, CMOS receiver/transmitter circuits are designed for use in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based smart pixels, And 16 x 16 and 2 x 2 banyan-switch smart-pixel chips are also designed, By using our polyimide bonding technique, we integrated GaAs pin-photodiodes hybridly on the CMOS circuits. The photodetector (PD)/CMOS hybrid receiver operated errorfree at up to 800 Mb/s, Successful optical/optical (O/O) operation (a bit rate up to 311 Mbit/s) of the 2 x 2 banyan-switch smart-pixel chip implemented with another VCSEL chip is also demonstrated.