Hybrid circuit simulator including a model for single electron tunneling devices

A hybrid circuit simulator has been developed that incorporates elements of single electron devices into the conventional circuit simulator SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). The elements can consist of an arbitrary network of tunnel junctions and capacitors, whose characteristics are calculated using a master equation method. By employing the hybrid circuit simulator, we studied a turnstile device feeding the input of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter, and were able to more successfully demonstrate the transfer of electrons through the turnstile one by one in SPICE.