Primary production in the Southern Ocean, 1997-2006

被引:495
作者
Arrigo, Kevin R. [1 ]
van Dijken, Gert L. [1 ]
Bushinsky, Seth [1 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth System Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1029/2007JC004551
中图分类号
P7 [海洋学];
学科分类号
0707 ;
摘要
[1] Estimates of primary production in the Southern Ocean are difficult to obtain but are essential if we are to understand its role in the global carbon cycle. Here we present a 9-year time series of daily primary production calculated from remotely sensed ocean color, sea surface temperature, and sea ice concentration using a primary production algorithm parameterized specifically for use in Southern Ocean waters. Results suggest that total annual production in waters south of 50 degrees S averaged 1949 +/- 70.1 Tg C a(-1) (where a is years) between 1998 and 2006, approximately half that of previous estimates. The large but relatively unproductive pelagic province accounted for similar to 90% of Southern Ocean production, while area normalized rates of production were greatest on the much smaller continental shelf (109 g C m(-2) a(-1)). Surprisingly, production in the marginal ice zone was only slightly higher than in the pelagic province. The Ross Sea was the most productive sector of the Southern Ocean (mean = 503 Tg C a(-1)), followed closely by the Weddell Sea (mean = 477 Tg C a(-1)). Unlike the Arctic Ocean, there was no secular trend in either sea ice cover or annual primary production in the Southern Ocean during our 9-year study. Interannual variability in annual production was most closely tied to changes in sea ice cover, although changes in sea surface temperature also played a role. Only 31% of the variation in annual production was explained by the Southern Annular Mode. Annual primary production could increase in the future as stronger winds increase nutrient upwelling.
引用
收藏
页数:27
相关论文
共 75 条
[41]   Impact of the Southern Annular Mode on Southern Ocean circulation and biology [J].
Lovenduski, NS ;
Gruber, N .
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2005, 32 (11) :1-4
[42]   Results from an ECMWF-SSM/I forced mixed layer model of the Southern Ocean [J].
Markus, T .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 1999, 104 (C7) :15603-15620
[43]   A METHOD TO ESTIMATE SUBPIXEL-SCALE COASTAL POLYNYAS WITH SATELLITE PASSIVE MICROWAVE DATA [J].
MARKUS, T ;
BURNS, BA .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 1995, 100 (C3) :4473-4487
[44]   Validation of SeaWiFS chlorophyll a concentrations in the Southern Ocean:: A revisit [J].
Marrari, Marina ;
Hu, Chuanmin ;
Daly, Kendra .
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 2006, 105 (04) :367-375
[45]   GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CO2 CHANGE: THE IRON HYPOTHESIS [J].
Martin, John H. .
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, 1990, 5 (01) :1-13
[46]  
McClain CR, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V101, P3697, DOI 10.1029/95JC03052
[47]   Accumulation and uptake of anthropogenic CO2 in the Southern Ocean, south of Australia between 1968 and 1996 [J].
McNeil, BI ;
Tilbrook, B ;
Matear, RJ .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 2001, 106 (C12) :31431-31445
[48]  
Meehl GA, 2000, J CLIMATE, V13, P1879, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1879:ROTNCS>2.0.CO
[49]  
2
[50]  
MITCHELL BG, 1991, DEEP-SEA RES, V38, P1009