T-cell receptor diversity prevents T-cell lymphoma development

Mature T-cell lymphomas (MTCLs) have an extremely poor prognosis and are much less frequent than immature T-cell leukemias. This suggests that malignant outgrowth of mature T lymphocytes is well controlled. Indeed, in a previous study we found that mature T cells are resistant to transformation with known T-cell oncogenes. Here, however, we observed that T-cell receptor (TCR) mono-/oligoclonal mature T cells from TCR transgenic (tg) mice (OT-I, P14) expressing the oncogenes NPM/ALK or Delta TrkA readily developed MTCLs in T-cell-deficient recipients. Analysis of cell surface markers largely ruled out that TCR tg lymphomas were derived from T-cell precursors. Furthermore, cotransplanted non-modified TCR polyclonal T cells suppressed malignant outgrowth of oncogene expressing TCR tg T lymphocytes. A dominant role of an anti-leukemic immune response or Tregs in the control of MTCLs seems unlikely as naive T cells derived from oncogene expressing stem cells, which should be tolerant to leukemic antigens, as well as purified CD4 and CD8 were resistant to transformation. However, our results are in line with a model in which homeostatic mechanisms that stabilize the diversity of the normal T-cell repertoire, for example, clonal competition, also control the outgrowth of potentially malignant T-cell clones. This study introduces a new innate mechanism of lymphoma control. Leukemia (2012) 26, 2499-2507; doi:10.1038/leu.2012.142