This review focuses on the humoral response and the progress made in the field since 1999. First, description of some aspects of the immune response relevant to these alterations and a series of programmed DNA alterations initiated by an enzyme, activation-induced deaminase (AID), that are essential for an effective immune response is presented. Enumerated and discussed are: the discovery, biology, structure, and enzymatic activity of AID; role of DNA repair in somatic hypermutation (SHM); mutagenesis by AID; role of transcription in SHM; models for how AID may target transcribing genes; antibody maturation and cancer; and antibody maturation and molecular evolution.
机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Basu, U
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Chaudhuri, J
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Chaudhuri, J
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Alpert, C
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Alpert, C
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Dutt, S
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Dutt, S
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Ranganath, S
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Ranganath, S
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Li, G
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Li, G
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Schrum, JP
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Schrum, JP
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Manis, JP
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Manis, JP
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Alt, FW
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Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USAHarvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Begum, NA
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Kinoshita, K
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Kinoshita, K
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Kakazu, N
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Kakazu, N
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Muramatsu, M
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Muramatsu, M
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Nagaoka, H
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Nagaoka, H
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Shinkura, R
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Shinkura, R
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Biniszkiewicz, D
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Biniszkiewicz, D
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Boyer, LA
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Boyer, LA
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Jaenisch, R
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Jaenisch, R
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Honjo, T
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Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, JapanKyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Basu, U
;
Chaudhuri, J
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Chaudhuri, J
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Alpert, C
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Alpert, C
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Dutt, S
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Dutt, S
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Ranganath, S
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Ranganath, S
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Li, G
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Li, G
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Schrum, JP
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Schrum, JP
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Manis, JP
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机构:Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Manis, JP
;
Alt, FW
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机构:
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USAHarvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Childrens Hosp,CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA
机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Begum, NA
;
Kinoshita, K
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Kinoshita, K
;
Kakazu, N
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Kakazu, N
;
Muramatsu, M
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Muramatsu, M
;
Nagaoka, H
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Nagaoka, H
;
Shinkura, R
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Shinkura, R
;
Biniszkiewicz, D
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Biniszkiewicz, D
;
Boyer, LA
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Boyer, LA
;
Jaenisch, R
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
Jaenisch, R
;
Honjo, T
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机构:
Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, JapanKyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem & Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan