Determination of Fullerene Scattering Length Density: A Critical Parameter for Understanding the Fullerene Distribution in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices

被引:19
作者
Clulow, Andrew J. [1 ]
Armin, Ardalan [1 ]
Lee, Kwan H. [1 ]
Pandey, Ajay K. [1 ]
Tao, Chen [1 ]
Velusamy, Marappan [1 ]
James, Michael [2 ,3 ]
Nelson, Andrew [2 ]
Burn, Paul L. [1 ]
Gentle, Ian R. [1 ]
Meredith, Paul [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Queensland, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
[2] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia
[3] Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; RAY REFLECTIVITY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; PCBM; INTERFACE; EFFICIENCY; COPOLYMER;
D O I
10.1021/la403951j
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Fullerene derivatives are commonly used as electron acceptors in combination with (macro)molecular electron donors in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Understanding the BHJ structure at different electron donor/acceptor ratios is critical to the continued improvement and development of OPVs. The high neutron scattering length densities (SLDs) of the fullerenes provide effective contrast for probing the distribution of the fullerene within the blend in a nondestructive way. However, recent neutron scattering studies on BHJ films have reported a wide range of SLDs ((3.6-4.4) x 10(-6) angstrom(-2)) for the fullerenes 60-PCBM and 70-PCBM, leading to differing interpretations of their distribution in thin films. In this article, we describe an approach for determining more precisely the scattering length densities of the fullerenes within a polymer matrix in order to accurately quantify their. distribution within the active layers of OPV devices by neutron scattering techniques.
引用
收藏
页码:1410 / 1415
页数:6
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