Atomic force microscopic studies of site-directed immobilization of antibodies using their carbohydrate residues

This paper demonstrates that the APTES-treated silicon wafer surface is capable of site-directly coupling antibodies by the aldehydes generated on their carbohydrate side chains. This method emphasizes the utility of the siloxane film for controlling the properties of surfaces in a well-characterized and useful manner that allows the in-depth study of a complex problem: the site-directed immobilization of proteins at solid surfaces without loss of their function. The atomic force microscopic image shows that some distinct IgG Y-like structure features evenly spread across the surface.