Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase inhibitors

Designed peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) inhibitors of PinI, cyclophilin (CyP), and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the design, structure. and biological activity of the inhibitors. While CyP and FKBP inhibitors have been explored fairly thoroughly, inhibitors of the relatively new PinI cell cycle regulator are in their infancy, Ligands designed for PinI and CyP have primarily been ground state analogues: alkenes and bicyclic compounds. For FKBP, more of the focus has been on analogues of bonds at the reactive center, the prolyl amide, because of the idea that the alpha-ketoamide of FK506 is an analogue of the twisted amide in the transition state. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.