Saturated ablation in metal hydrides and acceleration of protons and deuterons to keV energies with a soft-x-ray laser

被引：27

作者：

Andreasson, J. ^{[1
]}

Iwan, B. ^{[1
]}

Andrejczuk, A. ^{[2
]}

Abreu, E. ^{[1
]}

Bergh, M. ^{[3
]}

Caleman, C. ^{[4
]}

Nelson, A. J. ^{[5
]}

Bajt, S. ^{[6
]}

Chalupsky, J. ^{[7
]}

Chapman, H. N. ^{[8
,9
]}

Faeustlin, R. R. ^{[6
]}

Hajkova, V. ^{[7
]}

Heimann, P. A. ^{[10
]}

Hjoervarsson, B. ^{[11
]}

Juha, L. ^{[7
]}

Klinger, D. ^{[12
]}

Krzywinski, J. ^{[14
]}

Nagler, B. ^{[14
]}

Palsson, G. K. ^{[11
]}

Singer, W. ^{[6
]}

Seibert, M. M. ^{[1
]}

Sobicrajski, R. ^{[12
,13
]}

Tolcikis, S. ^{[6
]}

Tschentscher, T. ^{[6
]}

Vinko, S. M. ^{[15
]}

Lee, R. W. ^{[5
,14
]}

Hajdu, J. ^{[1
]}

Timneanu, N. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden

[2] Univ Bialystok, Fac Phys, PL-15424 Bialystok, Poland

[3] Swedish Def Res Agcy, SE-16490 Stockholm, Sweden

[4] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E17, DE-85748 Garching, Germany

[5] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA

[6] Deutsches Elekt Synchrotron DESY, DE-22603 Hamburg, Germany

[7] Inst Phys ASCR, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic

[8] DESY, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[9] Univ Hamburg, Dept Phys, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[10] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[11] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden

[12] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland

[13] FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands

[14] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[15] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW E | 2011年 / 83卷 / 01期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; COHERENT;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevE.83.016403

中图分类号：

O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];

学科分类号：

070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;

摘要：

Studies of materials under extreme conditions have relevance to a broad area of research, including planetary physics, fusion research, materials science, and structural biology with x-ray lasers. We study such extreme conditions and experimentally probe the interaction between ultrashort soft x-ray pulses and solid targets (metals and their deuterides) at the FLASH free-electron laser where power densities exceeding 10(17) W/cm(2) were reached. Time-of-flight ion spectrometry and crater analysis were used to characterize the interaction. The results show the onset of saturation in the ablation process at power densities above 10(16) W/cm(2). This effect can be linked to a transiently induced x-ray transparency in the solid by the femtosecond x-ray pulse at high power densities. The measured kinetic energies of protons and deuterons ejected from the surface reach several keV and concur with predictions from plasma-expansion models. Simulations of the interactions were performed with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium code with radiation transfer. These calculations return critical depths similar to the observed crater depths and capture the transient surface transparency at higher power densities.

引用

页数：7

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