Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster: epigenetic fine-tuning of chromosome-wide transcription

被引：196

作者：

Conrad, Thomas ^{[1
]}

Akhtar, Asifa ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Immunobiol & Epigenet, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany

来源：

NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS | 2012年 / 13卷 / 02期

关键词：

CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX; LETHAL MSL COMPLEX; HISTONE H4 ACETYLATION; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; MALE X-CHROMOSOME; RNA HELICASE-A; ACETYLTRANSFERASE MOF; GENE-EXPRESSION; TARGET GENES; ENTRY SITE;

D O I：

10.1038/nrg3124

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 [遗传学];

摘要：

Dosage compensation is an epigenetic mechanism that normalizes gene expression from unequal copy numbers of sex chromosomes. Different organisms have evolved alternative molecular solutions to this task. In Drosophila melanogaster, transcription of the single male X chromosome is upregulated by twofold in a process orchestrated by the dosage compensation complex. Despite this conceptual simplicity, dosage compensation involves multiple coordinated steps to recognize and activate the entire X chromosome. We are only beginning to understand the intriguing interplay between multiple levels of local and long-range chromatin regulation required for the fine-tuned transcriptional activation of a heterogeneous gene population. This Review highlights the known facts and open questions of dosage compensation in D. melanogaster.

引用

页码：123 / 134

页数：12

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