Permafrost Thermal State in the Polar Northern Hemisphere during the International Polar Year 2007-2009: a Synthesis

被引:533
作者
Romanovsky, Vladimir E. [1 ]
Smith, Sharon L. [2 ]
Christiansen, Hanne H. [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
[2] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
[3] UNIS, Dept Geol, Univ Ctr Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 俄罗斯基础研究基金会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
permafrost; ground temperature regime; climate change; permafrost thaw; active layer; International Polar Year; Arctic regions; MACKENZIE DELTA; TEMPERATURES; HEAT;
D O I
10.1002/ppp.689
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
The permafrost monitoring network in the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere was enhanced during the International Polar Year (IPY), and new information on permafrost thermal state was collected for regions where there was little available. This augmented monitoring network is an important legacy of the IPY, as is the updated baseline of current permafrost conditions against which future changes may be measured. Within the Northern Hemisphere polar region, ground temperatures are currently being measured in about 575 boreholes in North America, the Nordic region and Russia. These show that in the discontinuous permafrost zone, permafrost temperatures fall within a narrow range, with the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at most sites being higher than -2 degrees C. A greater range in MAGT is present within the continuous permafrost zone, from above -1 degrees C at some locations to as low as -15 degrees C. The latest results indicate that the permafrost warming which started two to three decades ago has generally continued into the IPY period. Warming rates are much smaller for permafrost already at temperatures close to 0 degrees C compared with colder permafrost, especially for ice-rich permafrost where latent heat effects dominate the ground thermal regime. Colder permafrost sites are warming more rapidly. This improved knowledge about the permafrost thermal state and its dynamics is important for multidisciplinary polar research, but also for many of the 4 million people living in the Arctic. In particular, this knowledge is required for designing effective adaptation strategies for the local communities under warmer climatic conditions. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:106 / 116
页数:11
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