Neuroimmune endocrine effects of antidepressants

被引:31
作者
Antonioli, Marco [1 ]
Rybka, Joanna [1 ]
Carvalho, Livia A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Roehampton Univ, Dept Life Sci, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Psychoimmunol Translat Lab, London SW15 4JD, England
关键词
antidepressant agents; biological markers; human; cytokines; neuroinflammation; psychoneuroimmunology; endophenotype; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR FUNCTION; RAT PINEAL-GLAND; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM DISTURBANCES; NOCTURNAL MELATONIN SECRETION; SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; INCREASE PLASMA SEROTONIN;
D O I
10.2147/NDT.S16409
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Antidepressant pharmacotherapy is to date the most often used treatment for depression, but the exact mechanism of action underlying its therapeutic effect is still unclear. Many theories have been put forward to account for depression, as well as antidepressant activity, but none of them is exhaustive. Neuroimmune endocrine impairment is found in depressed patients; high levels of circulating corticosteroids along with hyperactivation of the immune system, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, low levels of melatonin in plasma and urine, and disentrainment of circadian rhythms have been demonstrated. Moreover, antidepressant treatment seems to correct or at least to interfere with these alterations. In this review, we summarize the complex neuroimmune endocrine and chronobiological alterations found in patients with depression and how these systems interact with each other. We also explain how antidepressant therapy can modify these systems, along with some possible mechanisms of action shown in animal and human models.
引用
收藏
页码:65 / 83
页数:19
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