Anhydrous proton-conducting polymers

被引:282
作者
Schuster, ME [1 ]
Meyer, WH [1 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
关键词
structure diffusion; transport mechanism; poly(benzimidazole); phosphoric acid; fuel cells; immobilized proton solvent;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.matsci.33.022702.155349
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Anhydrous proton-conducting polymers usually consist of a more or less inert polymer matrix that is swollen with an appropriate proton solvent (in most cases, phosphoric acid). An outline of the different materials is provided, with a focus on PBI/H3PO4 blends that are currently most suitable for fuel cell applications. Also discussed are alternative concepts for fully polymeric materials, which establish proton conductivity as an intrinsic property using amphoteric heterocycles such as imidazole as a proton solvent. The development of some of the first polymers is described, and the fundamental relations between their material properties and conductivity are discussed. Closely related to this relatively new concept are mechanistic investigations focusing on intermolecular proton transfer and diffusion of (protonated) solvent molecules, the contributions of both transport processes to conductivity, and the dependence of these ratios on composition, charge carrier density, etc. Although the development of fully polymeric proton conductors is inseparably related to mechanistic considerations, relatively little attention has been paid to these concepts in the field of conventional membranes (hydrated ionomers, H3PO4-based materials). Consequently, their general relevance is emphasized, and according investigations are summarized to provide a more comprehensive picture of proton transport processes within proton exchange membranes.
引用
收藏
页码:233 / 261
页数:33
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