Stem cells and reprogramming: breaking the epigenetic barrier?

被引：38

作者：

Ang, Yen-Sin ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Gaspar-Maia, Alexandre ^{[1
,4
]}

Lemischka, Ihor R. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Bernstein, Emily ^{[1
,4
,5
]}

机构：

[1] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Black Family Stem Cell Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA

[2] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Gene & Cell Med, New York, NY 10029 USA

[3] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Dev & Regenerat Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA

[4] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Oncol Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA

[5] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10029 USA

来源：

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES | 2011年 / 32卷 / 07期

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

SELF-RENEWAL; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORK; EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS; LINEAGE COMMITMENT; DEFINED FACTORS; X-CHROMOSOME; RNAI SCREEN; ES CELLS; PLURIPOTENCY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.tips.2011.03.002

中图分类号：

R9 [药学];

学科分类号：

1007 ;

摘要：

Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation is key to the maintenance of the stem cell state. Chromatin is the physiological form of eukaryotic genomes and the substrate for epigenetic marking, including DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones and the exchange of core histones with histone variants. The chromatin template undergoes significant reorganization during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming (SCR). Intriguingly, remodeling of the epigenome appears to be a crucial barrier that must be surmounted for efficient SCR. This area of research has gained significant attention due to the importance of ESCs in modeling and treating human disease. Here we review the epigenetic mechanisms that are key for maintenance of the ESC state, ESC differentiation and SCR. We focus on murine and human ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells, and highlight the pharmacological approaches used to study or manipulate cell fate where relevant.

引用

页码：394 / 401

页数：8

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