Liposome-encapsulated antibiotics

Encapsulation of certain antibiotics in liposomes can enhance their effect against microorganisms invading cultured cells and in animal models. We describe the incorporation of amikacin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and clarithromycin in a variety of liposomes. We delineate the methods used for the evaluation of their efficacy against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infections in macrophages and in the beige mouse model of MAC disease. We also describe the efficacy of pH-sensitive liposomes incorporating sparfloxacin or azithromycin. We summarize studies with other antibiotics, including rifampicin, rifabutin, ethambutol, isoniazid, clofazimine, and enrofloxacin, and their use against MAC, as well as other infection models, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.