Modulation of HIV-1-host interaction: role of the Vpu accessory protein

被引:92
作者
Dube, Mathieu [1 ]
Bego, Mariana G. [1 ]
Paquay, Catherine [1 ]
Cohen, Eric A. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Inst Rech Clin Montreal, Lab Human Retrovirol, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada
[2] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada
关键词
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; ANCIENT ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; CD4; DOWN-REGULATION; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; PARTICLE RELEASE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; INHIBITS HIV-1;
D O I
10.1186/1742-4690-7-114
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Viral protein U (Vpu) is a type 1 membrane-associated accessory protein that is unique to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and a subset of related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The Vpu protein encoded by HIV-1 is associated with two primary functions during the viral life cycle. First, it contributes to HIV-1-induced CD4 receptor downregulation by mediating the proteasomal degradation of newly synthesized CD4 molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Second, it enhances the release of progeny virions from infected cells by antagonizing Tetherin, an interferon (IFN)-regulated host restriction factor that directly cross-links virions on host cell-surface. This review will mostly focus on recent advances on the role of Vpu in CD4 downregulation and Tetherin antagonism and will discuss how these two functions may have impacted primate immunodeficiency virus cross-species transmission and the emergence of pandemic strain of HIV-1.
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