Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer:: the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 randomized trial

被引:417
作者
Bill-Axelson, Anna [1 ]
Holmberg, Lars [2 ,6 ]
Filen, Frej [1 ]
Ruutu, Mirja [4 ]
Garmo, Hans [2 ]
Busch, Christer [3 ]
Nordling, Stig [5 ]
Haggman, Michael [1 ]
Andersson, Swen-Olof [7 ]
Bratell, Stefan [9 ]
Spangberg, Anders [10 ]
Palmgren, Juni [11 ]
Adami, Hans-Olov [11 ,12 ]
Johansson, Jan-Erik [7 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Urol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
[2] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Reg Oncol Ctr, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
[3] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Pathol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
[4] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Urol, Helsinki, Finland
[5] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Pathol, Helsinki, Finland
[6] Kings Coll London, Guys Hosp, Sch Med, Div Canc Studies,Acad Oncol, London SE1 9RT, England
[7] Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Orebro, Sweden
[8] Orebro Univ Hosp, Ctr Assessment Med Technol, Orebro, Sweden
[9] Boras Hosp, Dept Urol, Boras, Sweden
[10] Linkoping Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden
[11] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden
[12] Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
D O I
10.1093/jnci/djn255
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Background The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up. Methods From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P=.09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% Cl = 0.45 to 0.94; P =.03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% Cl = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% Cl = 0.47 to 0,88; P =.006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% Cl = 3.3 to 61.8; P <.001). Conclusion Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery.
引用
收藏
页码:1144 / 1154
页数:11
相关论文
共 26 条
[11]  
Harmer MH, 1978, TNM CLASSIFICATION M
[12]   Trends in prostate cancer survival in Sweden, 1969 through 1988: Evidence of increasing diagnosis of nonlethal tumors [J].
Helgesen, F ;
Holmberg, LS ;
Johansson, JE ;
Bergstrom, R ;
Adami, HO .
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, 1996, 88 (17) :1216-1221
[13]   Quality of life of asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy [J].
Herr, HW ;
O'Sullivan, M .
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, 2000, 163 (06) :1743-1746
[14]   A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer [J].
Holmberg, L ;
Bill-Axelson, A ;
Helgesen, F ;
Salo, JO ;
Folmerz, P ;
Häggman, M ;
Andersson, S ;
Spångberg, A ;
Busch, C ;
Nordling, S ;
Palmgren, J ;
Adami, HO ;
Johansson, J ;
Norlén, BJ .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2002, 347 (11) :781-789
[15]   Prognostic markers under watchful waiting and radical prostatectomy [J].
Holmberg, Lars ;
Bill-Axelson, Anna ;
Garmo, Hans ;
Palmgren, Juni ;
Norlen, Bo Johan ;
Adami, Hans Olov ;
Johansson, Jan Erik .
HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 2006, 20 (04) :845-+
[16]  
Kalbfleisch JD., 2002, STAT ANAL FAILURE TI
[17]  
Klotz Laurence H, 2006, Can J Urol, V13 Suppl 1, P48
[18]   Interpreting trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the five Nordic countries [J].
Kvale, Rune ;
Auvinen, Anssi ;
Adami, Hans-Olov ;
Klint, Asa ;
Hernes, Eivor ;
Moller, Bjorn ;
Pukkala, Eero ;
Storm, Hans H. ;
Tryggvadottir, Laufey ;
Tretli, Steinar ;
Wahlqvist, Rolf ;
Weiderpass, Elisabete ;
Bray, Freddie .
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, 2007, 99 (24) :1881-1887
[19]  
SOBIN L, 1987, UICC TNM CLASSIFICAT
[20]   Quality of life after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting [J].
Steineck, G ;
Helgesen, F ;
Adolfsson, J ;
Dickman, PW ;
Johansson, J ;
Norlén, BJ ;
Holmberg, L .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2002, 347 (11) :790-796