Synthesis methods of low-Pt-loading electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

被引:108
作者
Esmaeilifar, A. [1 ]
Rowshanzamir, S. [1 ,2 ]
Eikani, M. H. [3 ]
Ghazanfari, E. [1 ]
机构
[1] Iran Univ Sci & Technol, Green Res Ctr, Fuel Cell Lab, Tehran, Iran
[2] Iran Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
[3] IROST, Dept Ind Chem, Tehran, Iran
关键词
Pt loading; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Electrocatalyst synthesis; Carbon nanotube; AEROSOL-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION; SUPERCRITICAL DEPOSITION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; SIZE CONTROL; AEROGEL NANOCOMPOSITES; CATALYST LAYER;
D O I
10.1016/j.energy.2010.06.006
中图分类号
O414.1 [热力学];
学科分类号
摘要
While the use of a high level of platinum (Pt) loading in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can amplify the trade off towards higher performance and longer lifespan for these PEMFCs, the development of PEMFC electrocatalysts with low-Pt-loadings and high-Pt-utilization is critical and the limited supply and high cost of the Pt used in PEMFC electrocatalysts necessitate a reduction in the Pt level. In order to make such electrocatalysts commercially feasible, cost-effective and innovative, catalyst synthesis methods are needed for Pt loading reduction and performance optimization. Since a Pt-deposited carbon nanotube (CNT) shows higher performance than a commercial Pt-deposited carbon black (CB) with reducing 60% Pt load per electrode area in PEMFCs, use of CNTs in preparing electrocatalysts becomes considerable. This paper reviews the literature on the synthesis methods of carbon-supported Pt electrocatalysts for PEMFC catalyst loading reduction through the improvement of catalyst utilization and activity. The features of electroless deposition (ED) method, deposition on sonochemically treated CNTs, polyol process, electrodeposition method, sputter-deposition technique, gamma-irradiation method, microemulsion method, aerosol assisted deposition (AAD) method, Pechini method, supercritical deposition technique, hydrothermal method and colloid method are discussed and characteristics of each one are considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:3941 / 3957
页数:17
相关论文
共 111 条
[91]  
Vilambi Reddy N.R.K., 1992, US Patent, Patent No. [5,084,144, 5084144]
[92]   Preparation and performance of novel MEA with multi catalyst layer structure for PEFC by magnetron sputter deposition technique [J].
Wan, Chieh-Hao ;
Lin, Meng-Tsun ;
Zhuang, Qing-Huang ;
Lin, Chien-Heng .
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 2006, 201 (1-2) :214-222
[93]  
Wang C, 2004, NANO LETT, V4, P345, DOI 10.1021/nl034952p
[94]   Preparation of Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes by hydrothermal method [J].
Wang, Minghua ;
Woo, Kee-Do ;
Kim, Dong-Keon .
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, 2006, 47 (18-19) :3235-3240
[95]   Metal nanoclusters stabilized with simple ions and solvents - promising building blocks for future catalysts [J].
Wang, Y ;
Zhang, JL ;
Wang, XD ;
Ren, JW ;
Zuo, BJ ;
Tang, YQ .
TOPICS IN CATALYSIS, 2005, 35 (1-2) :35-41
[96]   PREPARATION OF HIGHLY DISPERSED PT+RU ALLOY CLUSTERS AND THE ACTIVITY FOR THE ELECTROOXIDATION OF METHANOL [J].
WATANABE, M ;
UCHIDA, M ;
MOTOO, S .
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 1987, 229 (1-2) :395-406
[97]  
WATANABE M, 1998, Patent No. 5728485
[98]   Fuel cell stationary power business development [J].
Weiner, SA .
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 1998, 71 (1-2) :61-64
[99]   THIN-FILM CATALYST LAYERS FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL ELECTRODES [J].
WILSON, MS ;
GOTTESFELD, S .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 1992, 22 (01) :1-7
[100]   Synthesis of ferromagnetic single-crystalline cobalt nanobelts via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal reduction process [J].
Xie, Q ;
Dai, Z ;
Huang, WW ;
Liang, JB ;
Jiang, CL ;
Qian, YT .
NANOTECHNOLOGY, 2005, 16 (12) :2958-2962