Evidence for a recurring eastern North America upper tropospheric ozone maximum during summer

被引：73

作者：

Cooper, O. R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Trainer, M. ^{[1
]}

Thompson, A. M. ^{[3
]}

Oltmans, S. J. ^{[1
]}

Tarasick, D. W. ^{[4
]}

Witte, J. C. ^{[5
]}

Stohl, A. ^{[6
]}

Eckhardt, S. ^{[6
]}

Lelieveld, J. ^{[7
]}

Newchurch, M. J. ^{[8
]}

Johnson, B. J. ^{[1
]}

Portmann, R. W. ^{[1
]}

Kalnajs, L. ^{[9
]}

Dubey, M. K. ^{[10
]}

Leblanc, T. ^{[11
]}

McDermid, I. S. ^{[11
]}

Forbes, G. ^{[12
,13
]}

Wolfe, D. ^{[1
]}

Carey-Smith, T.

Morris, G. A. ^{[14
]}

Lefer, B. ^{[15
]}

Rappengluck, B. ^{[15
]}

Joseph, E. ^{[16
]}

Schmidlin, F. ^{[17
]}

Meagher, J. ^{[1
]}

Fehsenfeld, F. C. ^{[1
]}

Keating, T. J. ^{[18
]}

Van Curen, R. A. ^{[19
]}

Minschwaner, K. ^{[20
]}

机构：

[1] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[2] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[3] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[4] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada

[5] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[6] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway

[7] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany

[8] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA

[9] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[10] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA

[11] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA

[12] Meteorol Serv Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada

[13] Meteorol Serv Canada, Sable Island, NS, Canada

[14] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA

[15] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA

[16] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA

[17] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA

[18] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA

[19] Calif Air Resources Board, Div Res, Atmospher Proc Res Sect, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA

[20] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES | 2007年 / 112卷 / D23期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1029/2007JD008710

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Daily ozonesondes were launched from 14 North American sites during August 2006, providing the best set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever gathered across the continent in a single season. The data reveal a distinct upper tropospheric ozone maximum above eastern North America and centered over the southeastern USA. Recurring each year, the location and strength of the ozone maximum is influenced by the summertime upper tropospheric anticyclone that traps convectively lofted ozone, ozone precursors and lightning NOx above the southeastern USA. The North American summer monsoon that flows northward along the Rocky Mountains is embedded within the western side of the anticyclone and also marks the westernmost extent of the ozone maximum. Removing the influence from stratospheric intrusions, median ozone mixing ratios (78 ppbv) in the upper troposphere (> 6 km) above Alabama, near the center of the anticyclone, were nearly twice the level above the U. S. west coast. Simulations by an atmospheric chemistry general circulation model indicate lightning NOx emissions led to the production of 25-30 ppbv of ozone at 250 hPa above the southern United States during the study period. On the regional scale the ozone enhancement above the southeastern United States produced a positive all-sky adjusted radiative forcing up to 0.50 W m(-2).

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