Genetic and Environmental Influences on Neuroimaging Phenotypes: A Meta-Analytical Perspective on Twin Imaging Studies

被引:163
作者
Blokland, Gabriella A. M. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
de Zubicaray, Greig I. [3 ]
McMahon, Katie L. [2 ]
Wright, Margaret J. [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Queensland Inst Med Res, Genet Epidemiol Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
[2] Univ Queensland, Ctr Adv Imaging, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[3] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
关键词
twin study; heritability; magnetic resonance imaging; meta-analysis; review; neuroimaging genetics; REGIONAL BRAIN VOLUMES; MATTER HYPERINTENSITY VOLUME; CORTICAL SURFACE-AREA; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; WORKING-MEMORY; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; PROCESSING SPEED; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; PEDIATRIC TWINS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX;
D O I
10.1017/thg.2012.11
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Because brain structure and function are affected in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is important to disentangle the sources of variation in these phenotypes. Over the past 15 years, twin studies have found evidence for both genetic and environmental influences on neuroimaging phenotypes, but considerable variation across studies makes it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the relative magnitude of these influences. Here we performed the first meta-analysis of structural MRI data from 48 studies on >1,250 twin pairs, and diffusion tensor imaging data from 10 studies on 444 twin pairs. The proportion of total variance accounted for by genes (A), shared environment (C), and unshared environment (E), was calculated by averaging A, C, and E estimates across studies from independent twin cohorts and weighting by sample size. The results indicated that additive genetic estimates were significantly different from zero for all meta-analyzed phenotypes, with the exception of fractional anisotropy (FA) of the callosal splenium, and cortical thickness (CT) of the uncus, left parahippocampal gyrus, and insula. For many phenotypes there was also a significant influence of C. We now have good estimates of heritability for many regional and lobar CT measures, in addition to the global volumes. Confidence intervals are wide and number of individuals small for many of the other phenotypes. In conclusion, while our meta-analysis shows that imaging measures are strongly influenced by genes, and that novel phenotypes such as CT measures, FA measures, and brain activation measures look especially promising, replication across independent samples and demographic groups is necessary.
引用
收藏
页码:351 / 371
页数:21
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