Person versus process praise and criticism: Implications for contingent self-worth and coping

被引:428
作者
Kamins, ML [1 ]
Dweck, CS [1 ]
机构
[1] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10027 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0012-1649.35.3.835
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
Conventional wisdom suggests that praising a child as a whole or praising his or her traits is beneficial. Two studies tested the hypothesis that both criticism and praise that conveyed person or trait judgments could send a message of contingent worth and undermine subsequent coping. In Study 1, 67 children (ages 5-6 years) role-played tasks involving a setback and received 1 of 3 forms of criticism after each task: person, outcome, or process criticism. In Study 2, 64 children role-played successful tasks and received either person, outcome, or process praise. In both studies, self-assessments, affect, and persistence were measured on a subsequent task involving a setback. Results indicated that children displayed significantly more "helpless" responses (including self-blame) on all dependent measures after person criticism or praise than after process criticism or praise. Thus person feedback even when positive, can create vulnerability and st sense of contingent self-worth.
引用
收藏
页码:835 / 847
页数:13
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