From hormones to secondary metabolism: the emergence of metabolic gene clusters in plants

被引:117
作者
Chu, Hoi Yee [1 ]
Wegel, Eva [1 ]
Osbourn, Anne [1 ]
机构
[1] John Innes Ctr, Dept Metab Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
maize; rice; oat; gene clusters; antibiotics; hormones; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; SELFISH OPERONS; C-ELEGANS; EVOLUTION; PATHWAY;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04503.x
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Gene clusters for the synthesis of secondary metabolites are a common feature of microbial genomes. Well-known examples include clusters for the synthesis of antibiotics in actinomycetes, and also for the synthesis of antibiotics and toxins in filamentous fungi. Until recently it was thought that genes for plant metabolic pathways were not clustered, and this is certainly true in many cases; however, five plant secondary metabolic gene clusters have now been discovered, all of them implicated in synthesis of defence compounds. An obvious assumption might be that these eukaryotic gene clusters have arisen by horizontal gene transfer from microbes, but there is compelling evidence to indicate that this is not the case. This raises intriguing questions about how widespread such clusters are, what the significance of clustering is, why genes for some metabolic pathways are clustered and those for others are not, and how these clusters form. In answering these questions we may hope to learn more about mechanisms of genome plasticity and adaptive evolution in plants. It is noteworthy that for the five plant secondary metabolic gene clusters reported so far, the enzymes for the first committed steps all appear to have been recruited directly or indirectly from primary metabolic pathways involved in hormone synthesis. This may or may not turn out to be a common feature of plant secondary metabolic gene clusters as new clusters emerge.
引用
收藏
页码:66 / 79
页数:14
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