X-RAY SPECTRAL CONSTRAINTS FOR z ≈ 2 MASSIVE GALAXIES: THE IDENTIFICATION OF REFLECTION-DOMINATED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

被引：50

作者：

Alexander, D. M. ^{[1
]}

Bauer, F. E. ^{[2
,3
]}

Brandt, W. N. ^{[4
,5
]}

Daddi, E. ^{[6
]}

Hickox, R. C. ^{[1
,7
]}

Lehmer, B. D. ^{[8
,9
]}

Luo, B. ^{[4
,5
]}

Xue, Y. Q. ^{[4
,5
]}

Young, M. ^{[4
,5
]}

Comastri, A. ^{[10
]}

Del Moro, A. ^{[1
]}

Fabian, A. C. ^{[11
]}

Gilli, R. ^{[10
]}

Goulding, A. D. ^{[1
,7
]}

Mainieri, V. ^{[12
]}

Mullaney, J. R. ^{[1
,6
]}

Paolillo, M. ^{[13
]}

Rafferty, D. A. ^{[4
]}

Schneider, D. P. ^{[4
]}

Shemmer, O. ^{[14
]}

Vignali, C. ^{[15
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England

[2] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile

[3] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[4] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[5] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[6] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA, DSM,CNRS,Irfu SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[7] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[8] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[9] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[10] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-04127 Bologna, Italy

[11] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[12] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[13] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[14] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA

[15] Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 738卷 / 01期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies; ultraviolet: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies; COMPTON-THICK QUASARS; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; HEAVILY OBSCURED AGN; STAR-FORMATION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED GALAXIES;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/44

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We use the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey to place direct constraints on the ubiquity of z approximate to 2 heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in K < 22 BzK-selected galaxies. Forty-seven (approximate to 21%) of the 222 BzK-selected galaxies in the central region of the CDF-S are detected at X-ray energies, 11 (approximate to 5%) of which have hard X-ray spectral slopes (Gamma less than or similar to 1), indicating the presence of heavily obscured AGN activity (N-H greater than or similar to 3 x 10(23) cm(-2)). The other 36 X-ray detected BzK galaxies appear to be relatively unobscured AGNs and starburst galaxies; we use X-ray variability analyses over a rest-frame baseline of approximate to 3 years to further confirm the presence of AGN activity in many of these systems. The majority (7 out of 11) of the heavily obscured AGNs have excess infrared emission over that expected from star formation (termed "infrared-excess galaxies"). However, we find that X-ray detected heavily obscured AGNs only comprise approximate to 25% of the infrared-excess galaxy population, which is otherwise composed of relatively unobscured AGNs and starburst galaxies. We find that the typical X-ray spectrum of the heavily obscured AGNs is better characterized by a pure reflection model than an absorbed power-law model, suggesting extreme Compton-thick absorption (N-H greater than or similar to 10(24) cm(-2)) in some systems. We verify this result by producing a composite rest-frame 2-20 keV spectrum, which has a similar shape as a reflection-dominated X-ray spectrum and reveals an emission feature at rest-frame energy approximate to 6.4 keV, likely to be due to Fe K. These heavily obscured AGNs are likely to be the distant analogs of the reflection-dominated AGNs recently identified at z approximate to 0 with >10 keV observatories. On the basis of these analyses, we estimate the space density for typical (intrinsic X-ray luminosities of L2-10 (keV) greater than or similar to 10(43) erg s (1)) heavily obscured and Compton-thick AGNs at z approximate to 2. Our space-density constraints are conservative lower limits but they are already consistent with the range of predictions from X-ray background models.

引用

页数：13

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