High production of acetone-butanol-ethanol with high cell density culture by cell-recycling and bleeding

A continuous acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production system with high cell density obtained by cell-recycling of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 has been studied. In conventional continuous culture of ABE without cell-recycling, the cell concentration was below 5.2 g l(-1) and the maximum ABE productivity was only 1.85 g l(-1) h(-1) at a dilution rate of 0.20 h(-1). To obtain a high cell density at a faster rate, we concentrated the solventogenic cells of the broth 10 times by membrane filtration and were able to obtain approximately 20 g l(-1) of active cells after only 12h of cultivation. Continuous culture with cell-recycling was then started, and the cell concentration increased gradually through cultivation to a value greater than 100 g l(-1). The maximum ABE productivity of 11.0 g l(-1) h(-1) was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.85 h(-1). However, a cell concentration greater than 100 g l(-1) resulted in heavy,bubbling and broth outflow, which made it impossible to carry out continuous culture. Therefore, to maintain a stable cell concentration, cell-bleeding was performed together with cell-recycling. At dilution rates of 0.11 h(-1) and above for cell-bleeding, continuous culture with cell-recycling could be operated for more than 200 h without strain degeneration and the overall volumetric ABE productivity of 7.55 g l(-1)h(-1) was achieved at an ABE concentration of 8.58 g l(-1). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.