Application of microwave irradiation to phase-transfer catalyzed reactions

By coupling microwave activation and PTC conditions, substantial improvements in numerous organic reactions are described under simple and safe conditions. Generally, better yields are obtained under faster and cleaner reactions when compared to those from conventional heating. Very often, solvent can be avoided during the reaction when the electrophile is a liquid and can therefore act both as a reagent and the organic phase, leading to efficient green chemistry procedures.