Apoptosis-suppressing and autophagy-promoting effects of calpain on oridonin-induced L929 cell death

Calpain, calcium-dependent cysteine protease, is reported here to impose the crucial influence on oridonin-induced L929 cell apoptosis and autophagy. We found that inhibition of calpain increased oridonin-induced Bax activation, cytochrome C release and PARP cleavage, indicating that calpain plays an anti-apoptotic role in oridonin-induced L929 cell apoptosis. To explore this potential anti-apoptotic mechanism, we inhibited calpain and proteasome activity in oridonin-induced L929 cell apoptosis, and discovered that the inducible I kappa B alpha proteolysis was partially blocked by the inhibition of either calpain or proteasome, but completely blocked by the inhibition of both. It demonstrated that calpain and proteasome were two distinct pathways participating in I kappa B alpha degradation. To further study the role of calpain in oridonin-induced L929 cell autophagy, we discovered that calpain inhibitor decreased oridonin-induced autophagy, as well as Beclin 1 activation and the conversion from LC3-I to LC3-II. Moreover, Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA increased oridonin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, besides suppressing apoptosis, calpain promotes autophagy in oridonin-induced L929 cell death, and inhibition of autophagy might contribute to up-regulation of apoptosis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.