Biodiesel production facilities from vegetable oils and animal fats

被引:101
作者
Demirbas, A.
Karslioglu, S.
机构
[1] Selcuk Univ, Muh Mim Fac, Dept Chem Engn, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey
[2] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey
关键词
biodiesel; fat; supercritical alcohol; transesterification; vegetable oil;
D O I
10.1080/009083190951320
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and used cooking oil including triglycerides. Biodiesel, an alternative biodegradable diesel fuel, is derived from triglycerides by transesterification with methanol and ethanol. Concerns about the depletion of diesel fuel reserves and the pollution caused by continuously increasing energy demands make biodiesel an attractive alternative motor fuel for compression ignition engines. There are four different ways of modifying vegetable oils and fats to use them as diesel fuel, such as pyrolysis ( thermal cracking), dilution with hydrocarbons ( blending), emulsification and transesterification. The most commonly used process is transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. The transesterification reaction is affected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats. In the transesterification, free fatty acids and water always produce negative effects, since the presence of free fatty acids and water causes soap formation, consumes catalyst and reduces catalyst effectiveness, all of which result in a low conversion. Biodiesel has over double the price of diesel. The high price of biodiesel is in large part due to the high price of the feedstock.
引用
收藏
页码:133 / 141
页数:9
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