The role of the AT2 receptor in hypertension

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is integrally involved in maintaining the healthy body's hemodynamic status. It is also involved in many pathogenic situations. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major effector hormone of this system. Ang II subtype 1 receptor blockers (ARB), like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, modulate the potent vasoconstricting and growth-promoting effects of Ang II. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that ACE inhibitors and ARE provide similar benefits in patients with hypertension and other diseases. There are salient differences, however, in that ARE antagonize Ang II at its AT(1) receptor subtype but spare its AT(2) receptor subtype, which has unique-and largely oppositional - effects on the blood vessels, kidneys, and adrenals. ACE inhibitors decrease the amount of Ang II available to its AT(1) and AT(2) receptors alike without totally suppressing its formation. This article reviews recent findings about the role of the AT(2) receptor in both health and disease and the actions of ARE mediated by this receptor. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:62S-67S (C) 2000 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd.