RADIATIVE MODELS OF SGR A* FROM GRMHD SIMULATIONS

被引:253
作者
Moscibrodzka, Monika [1 ]
Gammie, Charles F. [1 ,2 ]
Dolence, Joshua C. [2 ]
Shiokawa, Hotaka [2 ]
Leung, Po Kin [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[2] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
accretion; accretion disks; black hole physics; Galaxy: center; MHD; radiative transfer; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; X-RAY FLARE; ACCRETION FLOW; XMM-NEWTON; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; GALACTIC-CENTER; INTRINSIC SIZE; SAGITTARIUS; VARIABILITY; HORIZON;
D O I
10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/497
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Using flow models based on axisymmetric general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations, we construct radiative models for Sgr A*. Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that include the effects of thermal synchrotron emission and absorption, and Compton scattering, are calculated using a Monte Carlo technique. Images are calculated using a ray-tracing scheme. All models are scaled so that the 230 GHz flux density is 3.4 Jy. The key model parameters are the dimensionless black hole spin a(*), the inclination i, and the ion-to-electron temperature ratio T-i/T-e. We find that (1) models with T-i/T-e = 1 are inconsistent with the observed submillimeter spectral slope; (2) the X-ray flux is a strongly increasing function of a(*); (3) the X-ray flux is a strongly increasing function of i; (4) 230 GHz image size is a complicated function of i, a(*), and T-i/T-e, but the T-i/T-e = 10 models are generally large and at most marginally consistent with the 230 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data; (5) for models with T-i/T-e = 10 and i = 85 degrees the event horizon is cloaked behind a synchrotron photosphere at 230 GHz and will not be seen by VLBI, but these models overproduce near-infrared and X-ray flux; (6) in all models whose SEDs are consistent with observations, the event horizon is uncloaked at 230 GHz; (7) the models that are most consistent with the observations have a(*) similar to 0.9. We finish with a discussion of the limitations of our model and prospects for future improvements.
引用
收藏
页码:497 / 507
页数:11
相关论文
共 64 条
[1]   Very high energy gamma rays from the direction of Sagittarius A [J].
Aharonian, F ;
Akhperjanian, AG ;
Aye, KM ;
Bazer-Bachi, AR ;
Beilicke, M ;
Benbow, W ;
Berge, D ;
Berghaus, P ;
Bernlöhr, K ;
Bolz, O ;
Boisson, C ;
Borgmeier, C ;
Breitling, F ;
Brown, AM ;
Gordo, JB ;
Chadwick, PM ;
Chitnis, VR ;
Chounet, LM ;
Cornils, R ;
Costamante, L ;
Degrange, B ;
Djannati-Ataï, A ;
Drury, LO ;
Ergin, T ;
Espigat, P ;
Feinstein, F ;
Fleury, P ;
Fontaine, G ;
Funk, S ;
Gallant, Y ;
Giebels, B ;
Gillessen, S ;
Goret, P ;
Guy, J ;
Hadjichristidis, C ;
Hauser, M ;
Heinzelmann, G ;
Henri, G ;
Hermann, G ;
Hinton, JA ;
Hofmann, W ;
Holleran, M ;
Horns, D ;
de Jager, OC ;
Jung, I ;
Khélifi, B ;
Komin, N ;
Konopelko, A ;
Latham, IJ ;
Le Gallou, R .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2004, 425 (01) :L13-L17
[2]   Simultaneous HESS and Chandra observations of Sagitarius A☆ during an X-ray flare [J].
Aharonian, F. ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
de Almeida, U. Barres ;
Bazer-Bachi, A. R. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Behera, B. ;
Benbow, W. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bochow, A. ;
Borrel, V. ;
Braun, I. ;
Brion, E. ;
Brucker, J. ;
Brun, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Buesching, I. ;
Boutelier, T. ;
Carrigan, S. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Charbonnier, A. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Cheesebrough, A. ;
Chounet, L. -M. ;
Clapson, A. C. ;
Coignet, G. ;
Dalton, M. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Dickinson, H. J. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. ;
Drury, L. O'C. ;
Dubois, F. ;
Dubus, G. ;
Dyks, J. ;
Dyrda, M. ;
Egberts, K. ;
Emmanoulopoulos, D. ;
Espigat, P. ;
Farnier, C. ;
Feinstein, F. ;
Fiasson, A. ;
Foerster, A. ;
Fontaine, G. ;
Fuessling, M. ;
Gabici, S. ;
Gallant, Y. A. ;
Gerard, L. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2008, 492 (01) :L25-L28
[3]   Simultaneous multiwavelength observations of sagittarius A [J].
An, T ;
Goss, WM ;
Zhao, JH ;
Hong, XY ;
Roy, S ;
Rao, AP ;
Shen, ZQ .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2005, 634 (01) :L49-L52
[4]   Chandra X-ray spectroscopic imaging of Sagittarius A* and the central parsec of the Galaxy [J].
Baganoff, FK ;
Maeda, Y ;
Morris, M ;
Bautz, MW ;
Brandt, WN ;
Cui, W ;
Doty, JP ;
Feigelson, ED ;
Garmire, GP ;
Pravdo, SH ;
Ricker, GR ;
Townsley, LK .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 591 (02) :891-915
[5]   Rapid X-ray flaring from the direction of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Centre [J].
Baganoff, FK ;
Bautz, MW ;
Brandt, WN ;
Chartas, G ;
Feigelson, ED ;
Garmire, GP ;
Maeda, Y ;
Morris, M ;
Ricker, GR ;
Townsley, LK ;
Walter, F .
NATURE, 2001, 413 (6851) :45-48
[6]   A POWERFUL LOCAL SHEAR INSTABILITY IN WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS .1. LINEAR-ANALYSIS [J].
BALBUS, SA ;
HAWLEY, JF .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1991, 376 (01) :214-222
[7]   INTENSE SUB-ARC-SECOND STRUCTURE IN GALACTIC-CENTER [J].
BALICK, B ;
BROWN, RL .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1974, 194 (02) :265-270
[8]  
Bardeen J., 1973, Black Holes (Les Astres Occlus), P215
[9]   The influence of magnetic field geometry on the evolution of black hole accretion flows: Similar disks, drastically different jets [J].
Beckwith, Kris ;
Hawley, John F. ;
Krolik, Julian H. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2008, 678 (02) :1180-1199
[10]   A persistent high-energy flux from the heart of the Milky Way:: Integral's view of the Galactic center [J].
Bélanger, G ;
Goldwurm, A ;
Renaud, M ;
Terrier, R ;
Melia, F ;
Lund, N ;
Paul, J ;
Skinner, G ;
Yusef-Zadeh, F .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 636 (01) :275-289