Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data

被引：716

作者：

Aartsen, M. G. ^{[2
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[50
]}

Adams, J. ^{[16
]}

Aguilar, J. A. ^{[25
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[25
,30
,31
]}

Ahrens, M. ^{[40
,41
]}

Altmann, D. ^{[24
]}

Anderson, T. ^{[47
]}

Arguelles, C. ^{[30
,31
]}

Arlen, T. C. ^{[47
]}

Auffenberg, J. ^{[1
]}

Bai, X. ^{[38
]}

Barwick, S. W. ^{[27
]}

Baum, V. ^{[32
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[18
,19
,20
]}

Tjus, J. Becker ^{[11
]}

Becker, K. -H. ^{[49
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[30
]}

Berghaus, P. ^{[50
]}

Berley, D. ^{[17
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[50
]}

Bernhard, A. ^{[34
]}

Besson, D. Z. ^{[28
]}

Binder, G. ^{[8
,9
]}

Bindig, D. ^{[49
]}

Bissok, M. ^{[1
]}

Blaufuss, E. ^{[17
]}

Blumenthal, J. ^{[1
]}

Boersma, D. J. ^{[48
]}

Bohm, C.

Bose, D. ^{[43
]}

Boeser, S. ^{[12
]}

Botner, O. ^{[48
]}

Brayeur, L. ^{[14
]}

Bretz, H. -P. ^{[50
]}

Brown, A. M. ^{[16
]}

Casey, J. ^{[5
,6
]}

Casier, M. ^{[14
]}

Chirkin, D. ^{[30
,31
]}

Christov, A. ^{[25
]}

Christy, B. ^{[17
]}

Clark, K. ^{[44
]}

Classen, L. ^{[24
]}

Clevermann, F. ^{[22
]}

Coenders, S. ^{[34
]}

Cowen, D. F. ^{[46
,47
]}

Silva, A. H. Cruz ^{[50
]}

Danninger, M. ^{[40
,41
]}

Daughhetee, J. ^{[5
,6
]}

Davis, J. C. ^{[19
,20
]}

机构：

[1] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[2] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[3] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA

[4] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA

[5] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[6] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[7] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA

[8] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[9] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[10] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[11] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[12] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany

[13] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[14] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[15] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[16] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand

[17] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[18] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[19] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[20] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[21] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[22] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[23] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

[24] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[25] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

[26] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[27] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[28] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[29] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[30] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[31] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[32] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Mainz, Germany

[33] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium

[34] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[35] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[36] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[37] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England

[38] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA

[39] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA

[40] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[41] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[42] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[43] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea

[44] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada

[45] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA

[46] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[47] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[48] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[49] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

[50] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS | 2014年 / 113卷 / 10期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 瑞典研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; FLUX; SEARCH; EMISSION; LEPTONS;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.101101

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

A search for high-energy neutrinos interacting within the IceCube detector between 2010 and 2012 provided the first evidence for a high-energy neutrino flux of extraterrestrial origin. Results from an analysis using the same methods with a third year (2012-2013) of data from the complete IceCube detector are consistent with the previously reported astrophysical flux in the 100 TeV-PeV range at the level of 10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) per flavor and reject a purely atmospheric explanation for the combined three-year data at 5.7 sigma. The data are consistent with expectations for equal fluxes of all three neutrino flavors and with isotropic arrival directions, suggesting either numerous or spatially extended sources. The three-year data set, with a live time of 988 days, contains a total of 37 neutrino candidate events with deposited energies ranging from 30 to 2000 TeV. The 2000-TeV event is the highest-energy neutrino interaction ever observed.

引用

页数：8

共 74 条

[1] Search for neutrino-induced particle showers with IceCube-40
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Altmann, D.
Arguelles, C.
Arlen, T. C.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K. -H.
BenZvi, S.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H. -P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
Clark, K.
Classen, L.
Clevermann, F.
Coenders, S.
Cohen, S.
Cowen, D. F.
Silva, A. H. Cruz
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2014, 89 (10):
[2] Search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos with the IceCube 59-string configuration
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Altmann, D.
Arguelles, C.
Arlen, T. C.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K. -H.
BenZvi, S.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H. -P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
Clark, K.
Classen, L.
Clevermann, F.
Coenders, S.
Cohen, S.
Cowen, D. F.
Silva, A. H. Cruz
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2014, 89 (06):
[3] Energy reconstruction methods in the IceCube neutrino telescope
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Altmann, D.
Arguelles, C.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K-H.
BenZvi, S.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H-P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
Clark, K.
Classen, L.
Clevermann, F.
Coenders, S.
Cohen, S.
Cowen, D. F.
Silva, A. H. Cruz
Danninger, M.
[J]. JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2014, 9
[4] SEARCH FOR TIME-INDEPENDENT NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES WITH 3 yr OF IceCube DATA
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Abdou, Y.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Altmann, D.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Bechet, S.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K. -H.
Benabderrahmane, M. L.
BenZvi, S.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohaichuk, S.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H. -P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Brunner, J.
Carson, M.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
Clark, K.
Clevermann, F.
Coenders, S.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2013, 779 (02)
[5] Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Abdou, Y.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguitar, J. A.
Alders, M.
Altmann, D.
Auffenberg, J.
Ba, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Bechet, S.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K-H.
Benabderrahmane, M. L.
BenZvi, S.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Bertrand, D.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Boliaichuk, S.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H-P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Brunner, J.
Carson, M.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
Clark, K.
Cleverrnann, F.
[J]. SCIENCE, 2013, 342 (6161) : 947 - +
[6] First Observation of PeV-Energy Neutrinos with IceCube
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Abdou, Y.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Altmann, D.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Bechet, S.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K. -H.
Bell, M.
Benabderrahmane, M. L.
BenZvi, S.
Berdermann, J.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Bertrand, D.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohaichuk, S.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H. -P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Brunner, J.
Carson, M.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2013, 111 (02)
[7] Aartsen M G, ARXIV13096979 ICECUB
[8] An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in γ-ray bursts
Abbasi, R.
Abdou, Y.
Abu-Zayyad, T.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Altmann, D.
Andeen, K.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Bay, R.
Alba, J. L. Bazo
Beattie, K.
Beatty, J. J.
Bechet, S.
Becker, J. K.
Becker, K. -H.
Bell, M.
Benabderrahmane, M. L.
BenZvi, S.
Berdermann, J.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bertrand, D.
Besson, D. Z.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Brown, A. M.
Buitink, S.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Carson, M.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christy, B.
Clevermann, F.
Cohen, S.
Colnard, C.
Cowen, D. F.
[J]. NATURE, 2012, 484 (7394) : 351 - 354
[9] The IceCube data acquisition system: Signal capture, digitization, and timestamping
Abbasi, R.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Ahlers, M.
Ahrens, J.
Andeen, K.
Auffenberge, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Bay, R.
Alba, J. L. Bazo
Beattie, K.
Becka, T.
Becker, J. K.
Becker, K-H.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bertrand, D.
Besson, D. Z.
Bingham, B.
Blaufuss, E.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohm, C.
Bolmont, J.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Braun, J.
Breeder, D.
Burgess, T.
Carithers, W.
Castermans, T.
Chen, H.
Chirkin, D.
Christy, B.
Clem, J.
Cowen, D. F.
D'Agostino, M. V.
Danninger, M.
Davour, A.
Day, C. T.
Depaepe, O.
De Clercq, C.
Demiroers, L.
Descamps, F.
Desiati, P.
de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
DeYoung, T.
Diaz-Velez, J. C.
[J]. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2009, 601 (03) : 294 - 316
[10] MEASUREMENT OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFUSE TeV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH MILAGRO
Abdo, A. A.
Allen, B.
Aune, T.
Berley, D.
Blaufuss, E.
Casanova, S.
Chen, C.
Dingus, B. L.
Ellsworth, R. W.
Fleysher, L.
Fleysher, R.
Gonzalez, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Hoffman, C. M.
Huentemeyer, P. H.
Kolterman, B. E.
Lansdell, C. P.
Linnemann, J. T.
McEnery, J. E.
Mincer, A. I.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Nemethy, P.
Noyes, D.
Porter, T. A.
Pretz, J.
Ryan, J. M.
Parkinson, P. M. Saz
Shoup, A.
Sinnis, G.
Smith, A. J.
Strong, A. W.
Sullivan, G. W.
Vasileiou, V.
Walker, G. P.
Williams, D. A.
Yodh, G. B.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2008, 688 (02) : 1078 - 1083

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 →