SAR pattern perturbations from resonance effects in water bolus layers used with superficial microwave hyperthermia applicators

This study examines the effect of various thickness water bolus coupling layers on the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) patterns from Dual Concentric Conductor (DCC) based Conformal Microwave Array (CMA) superficial hyperthermia applicators. Previous theory has suggested that water bolus coupling layers can be considered as a dielectric resonator; therefore, it is possible for the impinging electric field to stimulate volume oscillations and surface wave oscillations inside the water bolus. These spurious oscillations will destructively or constructively interact with the impinging electric field to cause a perturbation of the applicator SAR pattern. An experiment was designed which consisted of mapping the electric field produced by a four element DCC CMA applicator in liquid muscle phantom at depths of 5 and 10 mm in front of four different thickness water boli; 0 (no bolus) 4, 9 and 13 mm. Using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, SAR distributions were calculated for similar test cases. It was found that for water bolus thicknesses of 9 mm or greater, there is a marked perturbation of both experimental and theoretical SAR distributions. It is believed that this perturbation is experimental confirmation of the volume and surface wave oscillation theory described by previous investigators.