Conductive dots, wires, and supertips for field electron emitters produced by electron-beam induced deposition on samples having increased temperature

被引:119
作者
Koops, HWP
Schossler, C
Kaya, A
Weber, M
机构
[1] TH DARMSTADT,INST ANGEW PHYS,D-64289 DARMSTADT,GERMANY
[2] HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN GMBH,D-14480 BERLIN,GERMANY
来源
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B | 1996年 / 14卷 / 06期
关键词
D O I
10.1116/1.588600
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
The procedure for three-dimensional additive lithography with electron-beam induced deposition is applied in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an image processor beam control system for lithography. Employing organometallic materials, which contain gold or platinum, quantum dots, resistors, and held emitter tips are deposited. Changing the current, the properties of the deposited nanocrystalline compound materials can be selected to be insulating or conducting. High resolution and high aspect ratio structures are grown with this technique. To find the mechanism responsible for conductivity in the deposited material, resistors are characterized at temperatures ranging from -150 degrees C to +180 degrees C. Measurements are performed in a high-vacuum chamber equipped with a gas cooling system cooled with liquid nitrogen and a resistive heater. Poole-Frenkel plots show that field electron emission and hopping of electrons is the dominant mechanism of conduction. The metal content of the deposits is increased with rising sample temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 degrees C. The deposited material features zero-dimensional electron gas in the nanocrystals of the material. Conductive tips with very small tip radius are routinely deposited as supertips on top of etched tungsten tips at elevated temperatures. The tips are investigated in an ultrahigh vacuum field electron microscope. Working supertips have a confined emission and therefore enhanced brightness is obtained routinely. The increase in brightness is at least ninefold for an emission from one site having a confined emission angle of +/-7.2 degrees. The emission current may be as large as 10 mu A at extraction voltages below 800 V. No single crystalline tip material is needed to generate these supertips. Beam confinement to one emission site is demonstrated the first time for a deposited supertip. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society.
引用
收藏
页码:4105 / 4109
页数:5
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