ISCR elements:: Novel gene-capturing systems of the 21st century?

被引:471
作者
Toleman, MA [1 ]
Bennett, PM [1 ]
Walsh, TR [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bristol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Bristol Ctr Antimicrobial Res & Evaluat, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England
关键词
D O I
10.1128/MMBR.00048-05
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Common regions (CRs), such as Orf513, are being increasingly linked to mega-antibiotic-resistant regions. While their overall nucleotide sequences show little identity to other mobile elements, amino acid alignments indicate that they possess the key motifs of IS91-like elements, which have been linked to the mobility ent plasmids in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Further inspection reveals that they possess an IS91-like origin of replication and termination sites (terIS), and therefore CRs probably transpose via a rolling-circle replication mechanism. Accordingly, in this review we have renamed CRs as ISCRs to give a more accurate reflection of their functional properties. The genetic context surrounding ISCRs indicates that they can procure 5' sequences via misreading of the cognate terIS, i.e., "unchecked transposition. " Clinically, the most worrying aspect of ISCRs is that they are increasingly being linked with more potent examples of resistance, i.e., metallo-beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and co-trimoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore, if ISCR elements do move via "unchecked RC transposition, " as has been speculated for ISCR1, then this mechanism provides antibiotic resistance genes with a highly mobile genetic vehicle that could greatly exceed the effects of previously reported mobile genetic mechanisms. It has been hypothesized that bacteria will surprise us by extending their "genetic construction kit" to procure and evince additional DNA and, therefore, antibiotic resistance genes. It appears that ISCR elements have now firmly established themselves within that regimen.
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页码:296 / +
页数:22
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