A study of single drug particle adhesion interactions using atomic force microscopy

This paper aims to use Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to characterise the interaction forces between micronised salbutamol particles, an active ingredient frequently used in metered dose inhalers, and also to glass, lactose and a fluoropolymer. The methodology used involves challenging a salbutamol functionalised AFM tip to the surfaces of interest and measuring the force experienced by the cantilever as a function of tip-sample separation. Analysis of this force-distance data allows quantification of the particle-substrate adhesion. This study yields a ranking of adhesion as glass > lactose > salbutamol > polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). An increase in the interaction force between the salbutamol particle and PTFE on repeated contact due to tribocharging is also observed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.