Controlling Low Temperature Aqueous Synthesis of ZnO. 1. Thermodynamic Analysis

被引：113

作者：

Richardson, Jacob J. ^{[1
]}

Lange, Frederick F. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

来源：

CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN | 2009年 / 9卷 / 06期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; 90-DEGREES-C; MORPHOLOGY; MECHANISM; ARRAYS;

D O I：

10.1021/cg900082u

中图分类号：

O6 [化学];

学科分类号：

0703 ;

摘要：

A thermodynamic model based on published data is presented for calculating the solubility and speciation of ZnO in aqueous solutions as a function of pH, ammonia concentration, and temperature. These calculations are used to explain how solubility and speciation control nucleation and growth behavior from an aqueous solution. The nucleation and growth behavior, in turn, can lead to the different morphologies of epitaxial and particulate ZnO obtained experimentally using low temperature aqueous methods. The calculations indicate that the presence of the zinc amine complex, Zn(NH3)(4)(2+) causes ZnO to display a substantial decrease in solubility when the temperature is raised from room temperature to 90 degrees C. This retrograde solubility is the basis for a novel continuous circulation reactor for synthesizing ZnO, which is presented in part 2 of this series.

引用

页码：2570 / 2575

页数：6

共 30 条

[21] Controlled precipitation of zinc oxide particles at room temperature [J].

Oliveira, APA ;

Hochepied, JF ;

Grillon, F ;

Berger, MH .

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, 2003, 15 (16) :3202-3207

[22] Inorganic species in geologic fluids: Correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and hydroxide complexes [J].

Shock, EL ;

Sassani, DC ;

Willis, M ;

Sverjensky, DA .

GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA, 1997, 61 (05) :907-950

[23] Photoluminescence of hydrothermally epitaxied ZnO films [J].

Sim, A. Y. L. ;

Goh, G. K. L. ;

Tripathy, S. ;

Andeen, D. ;

Lange, F. F. .

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, 2007, 52 (08) :2933-2937

[24]

THOMPSON WT, FACT WEB

[25] Complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures [J].

Tian, ZRR ;

Voigt, JA ;

Liu, J ;

McKenzie, B ;

McDermott, MJ ;

Rodriguez, MA ;

Konishi, H ;

Xu, HF .

NATURE MATERIALS, 2003, 2 (12) :821-826

[26] Growth of arrayed nanorods and nanowires of ZnO from aqueous solutions [J].

Vayssieres, L .

ADVANCED MATERIALS, 2003, 15 (05) :464-466

[27] Large-scale fabrication of tower-like, flower-like, and tube-like ZnO arrays by a simple chemical solution route [J].

Wang, Z ;

Qian, XF ;

Yin, J ;

Zhu, ZK .

LANGMUIR, 2004, 20 (08) :3441-3448

[28] Growth conditions for wurtzite zinc oxide films in aqueous solutions [J].

Yamabi, S ;

Imai, H .

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 2002, 12 (12) :3773-3778

[29]

Zhang Y, 2008, APPL PHYS LETT, V93, P10251

[30] Selective Growth of ZnO Nanorod Arrays on a GaN/Sapphire Substrate Using a Proton Beam Written Mask [J].

Zhou, H. L. ;

Shao, P. G. ;

Chua, S. J. ;

van Kan, J. A. ;

Bettiol, A. A. ;

Osipowicz, T. ;

Ooi, K. F. ;

Goh, G. K. L. ;

Watt, F. .

CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN, 2008, 8 (12) :4445-4448

← 1 2 3 →