Are syllables phonological units in visual word recognition?

A number of studies have shown that syllables play an important role in visual word recognition in Spanish. We report three lexical decision experiments with a masked priming technique that examined whether syllabic effects are phonological or orthographic in nature. In all cases, primes were nonwords. In Experiment 1, latencies to CV words were faster when primes and targets shared the first syllable ( numberju.nas-JU.NIO ) than when they shared the initial letters but not the first syllable ( numberjun.tu-JU.NIO ). In Experiment 2, this syllabic overlap could be phonological+orthographical ( vi.rel-VI.RUS ) or just phonological ( bi.rel-VI.RUS ). A syllable priming effect was found for CV words in both the phonological+orthographical and the phonological condition. In Experiment 3 we compared a "phonological-syllable" condition ( bi.rel-VI.RUS ) with two control conditions ( fi.rel-VI.RUS and vir.ga-VI.RUS ). We found faster latencies for the phonological-syllabic condition than for the control conditions. These results suggest that syllabic effects are phonological in nature.