An amino-terminal truncated progesterone receptor isoform, PR(c) enhances progestin-induced transcriptional activity

Previously we reported the identification of two unique progesterone receptor (PR) messenger RNA transcripts that encode a smaller PR isoform, termed the C-receptor (PR(C)). These two PR transcripts encode a protein that is N-terminally truncated, so that it lacks the first zinc finger of the DNA binding domain, but still contains a complete hormone binding region with sequences for dimerization and nuclear localization. We also have demonstrated the existence of a 60-kDa progestin-specific binding protein in progestin target cells using a monoclonal antibody directed to the C-terminus of PRs, suggesting that these two novel transcripts generate a truncated form of PR. In this paper, we address the hypothesis that the C-receptor arises from the initiation of translation of a methionine C-terminal to the methionine start sites that generate the larger 94-kDa A and 116-kDa B human PR isoforms. The studies shown here support the postulate that another downstream in-frame methionine within the PR-coding region can serve as a translation initiation site for the generation of a third PR protein. A partial PR complementary DNA, lacking the translation start sites for B- and A-receptors was translated in vitro. The synthetic protein product bound [H-3]progestins and unlabeled progestins. The antiprogestin RU486 also competed for this binding. Transfection of this partial PR complementary DNA into PR-negative HeLa cells resulted in progestin-specific binding activity. Because the third PR isoform lacks the first zinc finger of the DNA binding domain, but contains sequences for dimerization, we reasoned that the C-receptor isoform would be transcriptionally inactive and not bind DNA directly. Surprisingly, however, in the presence of A- and/or B-receptors, we found that C-receptors can modulate the transcriptional activity of A- and/or B-receptors using a reporter gene. These studies emphasize that multiple receptor isoforms may have distinct biological properties, and that the truncated C-receptor may play a role in explaining some of the pleiotropic effects of progestins.