TRADE AND THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SPATIAL ECONOMY

被引:281
作者
Allen, Treb
Arkolakis, Costas
机构
[1] NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[2] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
INCREASING RETURNS; GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; GRAVITY; MODEL; TRANSPORTATION; EQUILIBRIA; EQUATIONS; RESPONSES; GAINS;
D O I
10.1093/qje/qju016
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade costs, productivities and amenities in the United States. We find that geographic location accounts for at least twenty percent of the spatial variation in U. S. income. Finally, we calculate that the construction of the interstate highway system increased welfare by 1.1 to 1.4 percent, which is substantially larger than its cost.
引用
收藏
页码:1085 / 1140
页数:56
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