Nanocrystalline copper by pulsed electrodeposition: The effects of organic additives, bath temperature, and pH

The nanostructure of nano-metals prepared by pulsed electrodeposition is to a large extent adjustable by the appropriate choice of physical and chemical parameters of the electrolysis. For nano-Pd we have demonstrated recently how the shape of the current pulses influences the grain size. Here we focus on the effects of organic additives, bath temperature, and pH on the nanostructure of nano-copper.